See knave in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "knave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "knave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "knave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "knave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "knafe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "knave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "knaif"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "cnaf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cnaf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnafa"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnafa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*knabô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knabô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cnafa, from Proto-Germanic *knabô. Compare knape.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "knaves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knaven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "knave",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knaves",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knaven",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knaves",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knaves",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knavene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cnave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knafe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cnafe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knaffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knaue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knawe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knaf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knaw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "knave",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "knaven"
},
"expansion": "knave (plural knaves or knaven)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "knave child"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 13 4 3 14 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Children",
"orig": "enm:Children",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 43 1 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Male",
"orig": "enm:Male",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 3 10 20 10 17 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "enm:Occupations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 13 0 0 23 0 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"son, male child (offspring)"
],
"id": "en-knave-enm-noun-sxuoMzua",
"links": [
[
"son",
"son"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"boy, lad, male child or baby"
],
"id": "en-knave-enm-noun-AEmi9EKr",
"links": [
[
"boy",
"boy"
],
[
"lad",
"lad"
],
[
"child",
"child"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"guy, bloke, man"
],
"id": "en-knave-enm-noun-ETfVvriz",
"links": [
[
"guy",
"guy"
],
[
"bloke",
"bloke"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"servant, hireling, menial"
],
"id": "en-knave-enm-noun-yUP4Kj0T",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"hireling",
"hireling"
],
[
"menial",
"menial"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peasant, lowly individual"
],
"id": "en-knave-enm-noun-s9-qsiaX",
"links": [
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"lowly",
"lowly"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"infantryman, soldier"
],
"id": "en-knave-enm-noun-rT45j8Xa",
"links": [
[
"infantryman",
"infantryman"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"knave, caitiff, despicable individual"
],
"id": "en-knave-enm-noun-KRKSiqt0",
"links": [
[
"knave",
"knave#English"
],
[
"caitiff",
"caitiff"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈknaːv(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "knave"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Children",
"enm:Male",
"enm:Occupations",
"enm:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "knave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "knave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "knave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "knave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "knafe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "knave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "knaif"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "cnaf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cnaf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnafa"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnafa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*knabô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knabô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cnafa, from Proto-Germanic *knabô. Compare knape.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "knaves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knaven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "knave",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knaves",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knaven",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knaves",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knaves",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knavene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cnave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knafe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cnafe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knaffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knaue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knawe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knaf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "knaw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "knave",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "knaven"
},
"expansion": "knave (plural knaves or knaven)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "knave child"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"son, male child (offspring)"
],
"links": [
[
"son",
"son"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"boy, lad, male child or baby"
],
"links": [
[
"boy",
"boy"
],
[
"lad",
"lad"
],
[
"child",
"child"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"guy, bloke, man"
],
"links": [
[
"guy",
"guy"
],
[
"bloke",
"bloke"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"servant, hireling, menial"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"hireling",
"hireling"
],
[
"menial",
"menial"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peasant, lowly individual"
],
"links": [
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"lowly",
"lowly"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"infantryman, soldier"
],
"links": [
[
"infantryman",
"infantryman"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"knave, caitiff, despicable individual"
],
"links": [
[
"knave",
"knave#English"
],
[
"caitiff",
"caitiff"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈknaːv(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "knave"
}
Download raw JSONL data for knave meaning in Middle English (3.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"knave"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "knave",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 22"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"knave"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "knave",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 22"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '(nominative/accusative)'",
"path": [
"knave"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "knave",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"knave"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "knave",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.